Сибирский федеральный университет

Перевод названия: Sending Workers from Hebei Province to the USSR in 1955. From the History of Russian-Chinese Relations

Тип публикации: статья из журнала

Год издания: 2019

Ключевые слова: китайские рабочие, Хэбэй, советско-китайские отношения, Chinese workers, Hebei, Soviet-Chinese relations

Аннотация: Рассматриваются проблемы набора и отправки в СССР китайских рабочих. Работа написана на основе документов из китайских архивов, с использованием российских материалов. Воссоздается историческая картина согласования вопросов и реализация программы отправки китайских рабочих в 1955 г. из провинции Хэбэй. Завершение программы в условиях начавшейся между СССР и КНР холодной войны привело к тому, что эта страница истории взаимодействия двух народов не оставила яркого следа. The article focuses on the problems of recruitment and dispatch of Chinese workers from Hebei Province to the USSR in 1955. Due to the political situation and the inaccessibility of sources of Chinese origin, these events have not received sufficient attention in the Russian historical science. Chinese historians have been working on this topic together with Russian researchers since recently. They work with the aim of identifying and publishing sources. The dispatch of Chinese workers to Russia resulted from close cooperation between the USSR and the PRC in the 1950s. Negotiations on this issue were held at the end of 1954, and final decision was made in early 1955. It was planned to send 80,000 Chinese workers from different provinces of China, including Hebei, to 22 Russian regions and to Kazakhstan. However, during the project's implementation, in the spring of 1955, the plan was amended. As a result, only in the form of an experiment, it was agreed that several thousands of Chinese workers be sent to the USSR. The first region of China, which successfully solved the task of recruiting workers and was selected to be the first, was Hebei Province. On May 4, 1955, representatives of two countries agreed on plans to send to the USSR one thousand Chinese workers from Qingyuan County. In July 1955, two batches of Chinese workers were sent from the Baoding station to Transbaikal (Zabaykalsky Krai). Workers from Hebei were divided into three groups, staying at new work sites along the route: a plant in the region at the border of Burya-tia with Mongolia, in Usolye-Sibirsky, Irkutsk Oblast, and in Perm (Molotov). The last group arrived in Molotov on July 21, 1955. In 1956, the second group of Chinese workers, recruited in the provinces of Shandong and Henan, arrived in the USSR. Chinese workers operated in construction, mining and other enterprises, in various positions and specialties, taking advantage of all social rights and privileges that existed in the USSR. After the end of a three-year contract in 1958, most Chinese workers extended their contracts, some returned home. A significant part of Chinese workers from Hebei extended their contracts for a third term. However, at the last stage of Chinese work in the USSR, in the early 1960s, not much remained from the former Russian-Chinese friendship. In 1963, the last Chinese workers returned to their homeland in the conditions of a "cold war" between the two countries. Not all Chinese workers returned home: some of them died and were buried in Russian cemeteries, monuments in their honor were built in Perm, Usolye-Sibirsky and other cities in May 1963. The long-term presence of Chinese labor migrants in Siberian cities is an important and integral part of Russian-Chinese history, interaction and cooperation. However, the cold war that ensued between the Soviet Union and the PRC had a negative effect on the entire project thereby scaling down its positive impacts.

Журнал: Вестник Томского государственного университета

Выпуск журнала: № 445

Номера страниц: 102-106

ISSN журнала: 15617793

Место издания: Томск

Издатель: Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет"

• Дацышен Владимир Григорьевич (Хэбэйский педагогический университет)
• Сюй Хайцзяо (Сибирский федеральный университет)

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